There is absolutely no evidence of war or of any conquest of an earlier, pre Celtic people at the time the Druids supposedly arrived in Western Europe, making it difficult for archaeologists to explain how they could have peacefully imposed their language, religion, and culture on this hypothetical earlier people. Even more embarrassing is the fact that geneticists claim that modern British people are related to the Spanish, and DNA from human remains of supposedly pre-Celtic times in Britain have shown that many modern British people are related to these early people as well. More and more it is beginning to appear that the Celts (and their Druid priests) may have been in the West all along, and may, indeed, have built Stonehenge after all.
The first such study dates back to 1999 and was conducted by the Estonian biologist Toomas Kivisild, a pioneer in the field, with fourteen co-authors from various nationalities (including M. J. Bamshad).9 It relied on 550 samples of mtDNA and identified a haplogroup called “U” as indicating a deep connection between Indian and Western-Eurasian populations. However, the authors opted for a very remote separation of the two branches, rather than a recent population movement towards India; in fact, “the subcontinent served as a pathway for eastward migration of modern humans” from Africa, some 40,000 years ago:
“We found an extensive deep late Pleistocene genetic link between contemporary Europeans and Indians, provided by the mtDNA haplogroup U, which encompasses roughly a fifth of mtDNA lineages of both populations. Our estimate for this split [between Europeans and Indians] is close to the suggested time for the peopling of Asia and the first expansion of anatomically modern humans in Eurasia and likely pre-dates their spread to Europe.”
In other words, there is a genetic connection between India and Europe, but a far more ancient one than was thought.
So the southward gene flow that had been imprinted on our minds for two centuries was wrong, after all: the flow was out of, not into, India.
“indeed, nearly all Europeans — and by extension, many Americans — can trace their ancestors to only four mtDNA lines, which appeared between 10,000 and 50,000 years ago and originated from South Asia.”
c. 40 thousand years ago, Europe was first reached by modern humans,genetically my Celtic ancestors!! They are probably dark haired and olive skinned.
Thier beliefs are “animistic” with the Bear Cult and the Snake cults being the most prominent.
What may be the world’s oldest known cave paintings have been discovered in northern Italy. They are between 32,000 and 36,500 years old.
Archaeologists have found tablets of stone showing images of an animal and a human-like creature.
The discovery adds to evidence that people living when Europe was in the grip of the last Ice Age were more sophisticated than was once thought.
The painted slabs were discovered in Fumane Cave, near Verona. Previously this cave has provided stone tools and other evidence of occupation.
Apparently, the slabs on which the drawings were found had fallen from the cave roof and become embedded in the floor.
Alberto Broglio of the University of Ferrara said the paintings were covered with calcite that made the original red ochre finish difficult to see. Archaeologists have now removed much of the calcite.
Like many stone drawings from the distant past, they are enigmatic and difficult to interpret. On one of the slabs is an unknown, probably symbolic, four-legged beast. A human figure with the head of an animal is depicted on another slab.
The current record-holder for the oldest images are from the Grotte Chauvet in southern France, dated at about 32,000 years old.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/1/hi/sci/tech/1000653.stm
BEAR CULTS
Archeological evidence from Middle Paleolithic caves,shows that a widespread Middle Paleolithic Neanderthal bear cult existed (Wunn, 2000, p. 434-435).
Bear worship (also known as the Bear Cult or Arctolatry) is the religious practice of the worshiping of bears found in many North American and North Eurasian ethnic circumpolar religions such as the Sami, Nivkhs, Ainu, and pre-christian Finns. There are also a number of deities from Celtic Gaul and Britain associated with the bear and the bear is featured on many totems throughout northern cultures that carve them. Bear worship may have been practiced as far back as the Middle paleolithic period amongst Neanderthal societies c.300,000 to 30,000 BC
SNAKE CULTS
Additional evidence in support of Middle Paleolithic animal worship originates from the Tsodilo Hills (c 70,000BCE) in the African Kalahari desert where a giant rock resembling a python that is accompanied by large amounts of colored broken spear points and a secret chamber has been discovered inside a cave. The Broken spear points were most likely sacrificial offerings and the python is also important to and worshipped by contemporary Bushmen Hunter-gatherers who are the descendants of the of the people who devised the ritual at the Tsodilo Hills and may have inherited their worship of the python from their distant Middle Paleolithic ancestors.
THE ICE AGE BEGINS c.36,000 BC
The Ice Age (starts c.36,000 ends c.13,000 years ago),ends c. 11 300 BC. Ice sheets extended to about 45 degrees north latitude. These sheets were 3 to 4 km thick
The change of environment and compition for the limited resourses in Ice Age Europe ,causes the Neanderthals to die out.
No definite specimens younger than 30,000 years ago have been found. Modern human skeletal remains with ‘Neanderthal traits’ were found in Lagar Velho (Portugal), dated to 24,500 years ago and interpreted as indications of extensively admixed populations.Neanderthal stone tools provide further evidence for their presence where skeletal remains have not been found. The last traces of Mousterian culture, a type of stone tools associated with Neanderthals, were found in Gorham’s Cave on the remote south-facing coast of Gibraltar .Other tool cultures sometimes associated with Neanderthal include Châtelperronian, Aurignacian, and Gravettian, with the latter extending to 22,000 years ago, the last indication of Neanderthal presence.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Neanderthal_genome_project
28,000 BC Date of latest fossil of Homo Neanderthalensis. Probably died off because of climate change and the arrival of Homo Sapien sapien(modern man)
“This definitely is its own species,” Dr. Tattersall affirmed, glancing first to the Neanderthal and then to a modern human skeleton next to it. “If people didn’t believe that before, by all rights they should now.”Also Gary Sawyer, a senior technician in anthropology, who directed the reconstruction and other technicians began developing their skills several years ago with the reconstruction of Peking Man, a Homo erectus from China. Their goal is to recreate skeletons of about 20 hominid species.
http://www.freerepublic.com/focus/news/814911/posts
A DNA study has concluded that some Neanderthals also had red hair, although the mutation responsible for this differs from that which causes red hair in modern humans.But it does suggest that Red hair was a survival benefit in Ice Age Europe .
THE RED HAIR AND PALE SKIN GENE APPEARS IN CELTIC ARYANS. AN EVOLUTIONARY ADAPTION TO THE ICE AGE ENVIRONMENT.
Northern Europeans could be descended from as few as 50 individuals who survived the last ice age.
New DNA evidence suggests that a few hundred Stone Age hunter-gatherers were the ancestors of many modern day northern Europeans.
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/science/nature/1334512.stm
The genetic marker for these people RED HAIR. This genetic adaption must of happened after 18,000 BC,as it does not cross into the native American population but before 11,000BC and the end of the Ice Age.
Red hair is the rarest natural hair colour in humans. The pale skin associated with red hair may be of advantage in far-northern climates where sunlight is scarce. Studies by Bodmer and Cavalli-Sforza (1976) hypothesized that lighter skin pigmentation prevents rickets in colder latitudes by encouraging higher levels of Vitamin D production and also allows the individual to retain heat better than someone with darker skin.[21] Rees (2004) suggested that the vividness and rarity of red hair may lead to its becoming desirable in a partner and therefore it could become more common through sexual selection
Red hair appears in people with two copies of a recessive gene on chromosome 16
Red hair is caused by the MC1R gene and is non-pathological. It is associated with fair skin colour, freckles, and sensitivity to ultraviolet light, as the mutated MC1R protein is found in the skin and eyes instead of the darker melanin. It is a genetic marker of Celtic Aryan desent, from BOTH parents as it is a recessive gene.
SO WHERE ARE THEY NOW?
Today, red hair is most commonly found at the western fringes of Europe; it is associated particularly with the people of the British Isles
Redheads constitute approximately four percent of the European population.[7] Scotland has the highest proportion of redheads, as 13 percent of the population has red hair and approximately 40 percent carries the recessive redhead gene.[8] Ireland has the second highest percentage; as many as 10 percent of the Irish population have red, auburn, or strawberry blond hair.[9] Red hair reaches frequencies of up to 10 percent in Wales.[10].
Red-hair is found commonly amongst Ashkenazi Jewish populations.[11] (You know those NON-SEMITIC JEWS which make up over 80% of modern Judaism,which was invented by the ARYAN CYRUS THE GREAT!!)
Red or reddish-tinged hair is also found in other European populations particularly in the Nordic and Baltic countries as well as parts of the Netherlands, Belgium, France, Portugal, Spain, Italy, Germany, Russia and South Slavic countries and Albania.
The Berber populations of Morocco[12] and northern Algeria have occasional redheads. Red hair frequency is especially significant among the Kabyles from Algeria where it reaches 4 percent [13][14].
In Asia, darker or mixed tinges of red hair can be found sporadically from Northern India, northern Middle East (such as Iran, Lebanon and the countries of the Levant). Red hair can be found amongst those of Iranian descent, such as the Pashtuns, Persians, Lurs & Nuristanis.
ALL THESE PEOPLE HAVE ARYAN DESCENT OR CONNECTIONS!
THE ARYAN CELTS CROSS INTO AMERICA c.22,000BC
James Wilson and Prof David Goldstein of University College London, with colleagues at Oxford University and the University of California, “The findings provide the first direct evidence of a close relationship between the people known as Celts and the Basques. The gene patterns of three races passed down through the male line are all strikingly similar, researchers concluded. Basques can trace their roots back to the Stone Age and are one of Europe’s most distinct people, fiercely proud of their ancestry and traditions.
The team looked for similarities between the Y chromosomes (which are only carried by men) they sampled DNA from; 88 “Celtic fringe” individuals from Anglesey, North Wales, 146 from Ireland with Irish Gaelic surnames, and 150 Basques, revealing “remarkable’ similarities. On the other hand, he and his colleagues compared Celtic and Norwegian populations and found them to be quite different.
The Celts carried the early Y chromosome, which provides the first clear evidence of a close relationship in the paternal heritage of Basque and Celtic speaking populations. “They were statistically indistinguishable’, we also noticed that there’s something quite striking about the Celtic populations, and that is that there’s not a lot of genetic variation on the male Y-chromosome, We conclude that both the Basques and Celts are reflecting pre-farming Europe. Somehow these people have remained in isolation from the rest of Europe up until the Bronze age where their genes begin to indicate an influx of female genes from mainland Europe” said Prof Goldstein.
Geneticist Prof Steve Jones, who recently published a book called Y – The Descent of Man, said;
“Genetics provided more reliable clues to the distant past than language did”. He and colleagues at University College, London, have spent years creating a genetic map of the Y chromosome, which is passed by males from generation to generation. The results show that the Welsh are related to the Basques of northern Spain and southern France and to native Americans. He said: “There has been much less interbreeding in Wales than you might expect. Wales and Ireland have the most homogenous group of males of anywhere in the world, from the research that’s been done so far”.
He said; “The Y chromosome common among Welsh males was an ancient one. Most native Americans have the same one
The Solutreans of Spain are now believed to have crossed the Atlantic using the southern Equatorial current and entered the Caribbean and Central America between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago to become known as the Clovis hunters of America. Recent genetic findings suggest that the people now known as Gaelic speaking Celts (including Irish, Welsh, Scots, Basques and Berbers) are a remnant of a group of people who also left Spain between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago
During the most recent ice age (at its maximum about 20,000 years ago) the world’s sea level was about 130 m lower than today, due to the large amount of sea water that had evaporated and been deposited as snow and ice, mostly in the Laurentide ice sheet. The majority of this had melted by about 10,000 years ago.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea_level#Changes_through_geologic_time
In July 2000, deep ocean engineer Paulina Zelitzky discovered a possible megalithic site 2,310 feet below the water off the western coast of Cuba. The site encompasses an area about 20 square kilometers (about 7.7 square miles) in size, near the Guanahabibes Peninsula. Using sidescan sonar, Zelitzky, owner and operator of a company called Advanced Digital Communications (ADC), found “in the middle of this beautiful white sand … clear manmade large-size architectural designs” (Reuters, May 14, 2001, as quoted on CyberspaceOrbit.com).
In the summer of 2001, the researchers returned to film the ruins using a Robotic Ocean Vehicle known as an ROV. On close examination, they saw a large plateau with organized stone structures that appeared to be pyramids, rectangular buildings, and roads. The researchers believe this underwater “city” was built at least 6,000 years ago, when the land was above water. Zelitzky hypothesizes that an earthquake or volcanic activity caused the land to sink (Reuters, December 6, 2001, as quoted on TalkCity.com).
Manuel A. Iturralde Vincent, research director of Cuba’s National Museum of Natural History in Old Havana, viewed the site and confirmed that the shapes are similar to pyramids and streets when seen from above. He also confirmed the existence of large faults and an underwater volcano nearby, and indications of “significantly strong seismic activity” (Reuters, March 30, 2001 as quoted in ElectricWarrior.com).
In January 2002, Linda Moulton Howe, an investigative journalist, interviewed Zelitzky, and her business partner and husband, Paul Weinzweig. Weinzweig stated: “The Center for Marine Archaeology and Anthropology at the Cuban Academy of Sciences is currently analyzing video data which we have from the perimeter of the site from megalithic stones. They are working on inscriptions [editor's emphasis] that they have detected on these stones…”
The stones were about six and a half feet wide and deep by sixteen feet high, and resemble the stones seen on Easter Island and at Stonehenge. Mr. Weinzweig added that they were “…very large and smooth and light colored that bear no relationship to the surrounding ecology. And also there is evidence of smooth cut and fit, that is one on top of another, as if the basis of a pyramid or large building” (Earth Files).
The stones are inscribed with lettering that is unknown but has the “same tendency, but … is not Greek,” according to Zelitzky. The inscriptions, according to Mr. Weinzweig, also include pictographs of “a Central American cross … two oval shapes crossing each other” which pre-date Columbus, probably by thousands of years. (See illustration at left of a similar pictograph found in a Cuban cave explored by Paulina Zelitzky.) Although similar, the pictographs are not identical to symbols found on Central American pyramids. These oval crosses also bear some similarity to “Old World” hieroglyphs — from the “Linear C Language” of an ancient culture on Crete — to hieroglyphs found in the Assyrian culture, from the area which is now Iraq (Earth Files).
The researchers stress that their understanding of this site is preliminary and requires more exploration and analysis before any definitive statements can be made. Since Zelitzky reportedly has an agreement with the National Geographic Society for exclusive magazine coverage, it is only a matter of time before the whole story comes out.
http://www.spiritofmaat.com/announce/cubacity.htm
Recent studies of the tool kits of the first Americans suggest an entry from Spain and not from Siberia. Not only this, but paleolithic Caucasian genes appear to form the basal layer of the genetic makeup of many native Americans, helping to confirm a trans-Atlantic entry into Central America between 18,000 and 12,000 years ago. Recent discoveries of three 13,000 year old Cro magnon man skeletons in an underwater cave in the Bahamas suggests that the above is true and correct.
Almost all archaeology to date has been based on the discovery of sites that are above sea level. Sea levels rose to present day levels about 6,000 years ago, therefore there has to be a great deal hidden underwater prior to this event,
In 1977, University of Kentucky archaeologist Thomas Dillehay began excavating this ancient settlement, which had been remarkably preserved under a blanket of peat. Radiocarbon dating fixed the site at 14,850 years old, centuries before the Clovis had even begun their trek southward.
“There was considerable diversity among the early people(of America); they were much more diverse than Native Americans today. So somehow that diversity was reduced,”
says Richard Jantz, the University of Tennessee anthropologist who has been studying these ancient crania.
In the DNA profile of the Ichigua Native American tribe he identified a lineage that was clearly European in origin, too old to be due to genetic mixing since Columbus’ discovery of the New World. Instead it dated to Solutrean times. The genetic timelines show the Ice Age prompted a number of migrations from Europe to America. It looks highly likely that the Solutreans were one.
While most of northern Europe and Canada were under ice sheets, argues Stanford, these ancient Solutreans could simply have followed the sea-ice round the north Atlantic and down to the north-east coast of America.
These new discoveries suggests humans may have crossed the land bridge into the Americas much earlier — possibly during an ice age — and rapidly colonized the two continents.
“It poses some real problems trying to explain how you have people arriving in Central Asia almost at the same time as people in the Eastern United States.”
NEW ARYAN CULTURAL BELIEFS EMERGE ,NOW ANCIENT CULTURAL BELIEFS -DRUIDIC,HINDU ,BUDDHIST c.18,000 YEARS OLD
Recent archeological work on the Chang Tang plateau finds evidence of an Iron Age culture which some have tentatively identified as the Zhangzhung. This culture is notable for the following characteristics:
a system of hilltop stone forts or citadels, likely used as a defense against the steppe tribes of Central Asia, such as the Scythians
burial complexes which use vertical tombstones, occasionally in large arrays, and including up to 10,000 graves in one location
stone temples located in the mountains adjacent to the plains, characterized by windowless rooms, corbelled stone roofs, and round walls
evidence of a stratified social structure, as indicated by royal or princely tombs
petroglyphs which shows the culture was a warrior horse culture
These characteristics more closely match the Iron Age cultures of Europe and the Asian steppes than those of India or East Asia, suggesting a cultural influence which arrived from the west or north rather than the east or south
In Tibetan Buddhist tradition, Shambhala (also spelled Shambala or Shamballa; Tibetan: bde ‘byung, pron. De-jung) is a mythical kingdom hidden somewhere in Tibet. It is mentioned in various ancient texts, including the Kalachakra Tantra[ and the ancient texts of the Zhang Zhung culture which predated Tibetan Buddhism in western Tibet. The Bön[ scriptures speak of a closely related land called Olmolungring.
Bön (Tibetan: བོན་; Wylie: bon; Lhasa dialect IPA: [pʰø̃̀(n)]) is the oldest spiritual tradition of Tibet.
The Bön canon comprises more than two hundred volumes, classified in four categories: the Sutras (mdo), the Perfection of Wisdom Teachings (‘bum), the Tantras (rgyud) and Knowledge (mdzod). Besides these, the Bön canon includes material on rituals, arts and crafts, logic, medicine, poetry and narrative. It is interesting to note that the “Knowledge” section concerning cosmogony and cosmology, though in some respects unique to Bön, shares a more than passing resemblance to Nyingma (rnying ma) doctrines.
The Nyingma tradition is the oldest of the four major schools of Tibetan Buddhism (the other three being the Kagyu, Sakya and Gelug). “Nyingma” literally means “ancient,” and is often referred to as the “school of the ancient translations” or the “old school” because it is founded on the first translations of Buddhist scriptures from Sanskrit into Tibetan
It is noteworthy that the Bönpo tradition was founded by a buddha like figure named Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche[, whose teachings are similar in scope to the teaching espoused by the historical Buddha. Bönpos claim that Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche lived some 18,000 years ago, and visited Tibet from the land of Tagzig Olmo Lung Ring, or Shambhala. Bönpos also suggest that during this time Lord Shenrab Miwoche's teaching permeated the entire subcontinent and was in part responsible for the development of the Vedic religion. An example of this link is that Mount Kailash, as the center of Zhang Zhung culture, is also the most sacred mountain to Hindus. In turn, Buddhism evolved from the spiritual teachings of the Vedic religion. As a result, the Bönpos claim that the much later teaching at least indirectly owes its origin to Tonpa Shenrab Miwoche.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Nyingma
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Tonpa_Shenrab_Miwoche
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Shambhala
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Zhang_Zhung
Druid - The Druids were suppressed in Gaul by the Romans under Tiberius (reigned AD 14-37) and probably in Britain a little later. In Ireland they lost their priestly functions after the coming of Christianity and survived as poets, historians, and judges (filid, senchaidi, and brithemain). Many scholars believe that the Hindu Brahman in the East and the Celtic Druid in the West were lateral survivals of an ancient Indo-European priesthood." - Britannica.com
The easiest of parallels to be drawn between the Celtic and Vedic peoples must be that of the Druids and the Brahmins. The Druids and the Brahmins were both the priests and philosophers of their respective cultures. Both orders of priests were the wise ones of their lands, the seers and teachers, to whom warriors and kings turned for counsel and advice. They were free to wander the lands, as many of India's holy men still do, and, according to Caesar's writings, the Druids were "held with great honour by the people".
The name 'Druid' is considered by some to have originated the mediterranean and the East. The first syllable of the word 'Druid', according to Pliny the Elder (1 CE), is related to the Greek word for the Oak tree, 'drus'. The root of which is 'dr' and it is to be found in several Aryan languages. More likely its the Celtic root dru which means "immersion",which also appears in Sanskrit.(the Greek word drus, a later reference to the oak and Druids)The second syllable is thought to have originated from the sanskrit word 'vid', meaning 'knowledge', which is also the root of the term 'Vedas'. If this is accurate then the Druids would have been those who possess the 'knowledge of the Oak tree' to a Greek. The Oak tree in Celtic myth and legend was closely associated with knowledge and wisdom, or more correctly, a Druid was one "immersed in knowledge."
The scholars of the Greek Alexandrian school clearly described them as a parallel caste to the brahmins of Vedic society.Tacitus, a Greek historian, commented on the striking similarity of the bathing Druids to the Brahmins, suggesting they were "so emblematic of the brahmins."
The Druids & the Brahmins
Interestingly the term for soul (I use the term soul for reasons of simplicity) in Vedic literature is 'atman', whereas the Celtic term for soul is 'anam'."Due to the cessation of the Druids a vast wealth of knowledge and wisdom has been lost. As part of an oral tradition, like the Brahmins of old, nothing was ever wrote down, all myths, laws and teachings were held to memory.The Celts had a large pantheon of which about 300 to 400 names are known to us today.This also stands true for the Vedic pantheon.It is interesting to note that the Celtic term for the Gods is 'Deuos' and the Vedic term is 'Devas', both terms meaning "Shining Ones".
The Cailleach; Crone of Beare. Great Goddess in her Destroyer aspect; called "Veiled One". Another name is Scota, from which Scotland comes. Originally Scotland was called Caledonia, (Domain of Cali or Cali's Domain)or land given by Caillech and Ireland was refered to as Scotland.
In parts of Britain she is the Goddess of Winter. Depicted as a blue-faced hag, who is reborn October 31 (Samhain) She brings the snow until the Goddess Brigit deposes her and she eventually turns to stone April 30 (Beltaine). In later times the mythical witch like figure of "Black Annis" is believed to have derived from her.
She was an ancient Goddess of the pre-Celtiberian peoples of Ireland. She controlled the seasons and the weather; and was the goddess of earth and sky, moon and sun.
She is a Tutelary Goddess to southwest Munster, and appears in tales describing a knight being importuned by an old hag for love, acceptance of which transforms her into a beautiful maiden.
Kali Hindu
Kali, also known as Kalika (Bengali: কালী, Kālī / কালিকা Kālikā ; Sanskrit: काली), is a Hindu goddess associated with eternal energy. The name Kali means "black", but has by folk etymology come to mean "force of time (kala)". Despite her negative connotations, she is today considered the goddess of time and change. Although sometimes presented as dark and violent, her earliest incarnation as a figure of annihilation still has some influence.
She is the foremost among the Dasa-Mahavidyas, ten fierce Tantric goddesses
According to David Kinsley, Kali is first mentioned in Hinduism as a distinct goddess, related to war, around 600 CE. Scriptures like Agni Purana and Garuda Purana describe her terrible appearance and associate her with corpses and war.
Kālī is the feminine of kāla "black, dark coloured" (per Panini 4.1.42). It appears as the name of a form of Durga in Mahabharata 4.195, and as the name of an evil female spirit in Harivamsa 11552.
The Karpuradi-stotra clearly indicates that Kali is more than a terrible, vicious, slayer of demons who serves Durga or Shiva. Here, she is identified as the supreme mistress of the universe, associated with the five elements. In union with Lord Shiva, who is said to be her spouse, she creates and destroys worlds.
In contrast to her terrible aspects, she takes on hints of a more benign dimension. She is described as young and beautiful, has a gentle smile, and makes gestures with her two right hands to dispel any fear and offer boons. The more positive features exposed offer the distillation of divine wrath into a goddess of salvation, who rids the sadhaka of fear. Here, Kali appears as a symbol of triumph over death
The Horned God Pashupati
Mythological reference to the Horned God Pashupati can be found in ancient Indian and Nepalese scriptural texts. The legend of Pashupati can be found in reference to the Indian God Shiva, of whom Pashupati is referred to as being the proto-type. In the Skanda Purana it tells how the God Shiva used to love a great forest called the 'Sleshmantaka Forest' . It was here that Shiva spent so much time being emersed in 'the wilderness of this forest in merry-making assuming Himself the form of a deer' . It reads in the Skanda Purana -
As I reside here in the forest of Sleshmanta in the form of a beast,
My name will hence be known as the Pashupati the world over.
To this day the Sleshmantaka forest remains sacred and is known as 'Mrigasthali', 'the abode of deers'. The name Pashupati means ' Lord of Animals' (Pashu - animal, Pati -Lord) and was later taken to mean (Lorrd of Souls).
In the Indus Valley many seals have been found which show images of the Horned God with many animals surrounding him the figure is sitting in a traditional cross-legged yoga pose with its hands resting on its knees.On the seals is what has became known as the Indus script. This is a written language which looks similar to runes and other ancient scripts, however academics have been struggling for many years to correctly decipher it. Although several decipherings have been made in the last 50 years none have gained complete approval by scholars and academics.
What the Indus Valley seals of the horned God suggest is that there is an undeniable connection between the horned God Pashupati and the horned God of the Celts,
The Horned God Cernunnos.Cernunnos (also Cernenus) is a pagan Celtic god whose representations were widespread in the ancient Celtic lands of western Europe. As a horned god, Cernunnos is associated with horned male animals, especially stags and the ram-horned snake; this and other attributes associate him with produce and fertility.He is usually portrayed seated and cross-legged, in a position which some have interpreted as meditative or shamanic This connection between the two is best illustrated by comparing a couple of the Indus Valley seals to the depiction of Cernunnos on the Gundestrup Cauldron (dated between 4th - 1st Century BCE).
http://www.geocities.com/indianpaganism/celticvedic.html
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cernunnos
Danu in Celtic & Vedic Myth
One of the most striking comparisons to be found between the Celtic and Vedic pantheon is that of a Goddess named Danu and the myths surrounding her (also known in Celtic traditions as Don, Dana and possibly also Anu or Ana). A Goddess named Danu appears both in Celtic and Vedic mythology. She features heavily in Celtic mythology as the Mother Goddess (and a river Goddess). She is one of the most ancient known of all Celtic Goddesses, from whom the hierarchy of Gods received it's name of Tuatha De Danann, "Folk of the Goddess Danu" Among the ancient Celts, Danu was regarded as the "Mother Goddess." The Irish Gods and Goddesses were the Tuatha De Danaan ("Children of Danu").Whereas in Vedic mythology the Goddess Danu ,a red headed goddess ,who gives birth to the seven Danvanas, the dark ones of the ocean.
The Celtic Danu was the "divine waters" falling from heaven and nurturing Bíle, the sacred oak from whose acorns their children sprang. Moreover, the waters of Danu went on to create the great Celtic sacred river--Danuvius, today called the Danube.
Not only is the story of Danu and the Danube a parallel to that of Ganga and the Ganges but a Hindu Danu appears in the Vedic story "The Churning of the Oceans," a story with parallels in Irish and Welsh mytholgy. Danu in Sanskrit also means "divine waters" and "moisture.".
Surrounding the Goddess Danu in each culture's mythology is a similar tale of battle,
Danu in the Vedic myth is bondage and restraint and her son Vrtra is the constrictor. Whereas the Goddess Aditi is the Boundless and the Infinite, and Indra by using his tapas, which is represented by his lightening bolt, becomes the "winner of the light".It is the macrocosmic struggle between light and dark, order and chaos. While on the microcosmic level it is knowledge over ignorance.
In the Celtic myth the Goddess Domnu is regarded as being of "Chaos and Old Night", the abyss, from whence came the Fomors the deities of the dark waters who were conquered by Lug, the Celtic Sun God, and the Tuatha De Danann. Again it is the light conquering the darkness. The two myths are fundamentally the same, both tell of the primordial waters, that undifferentiated state of being before the time of creation, and light emerging in triumph over darkness to allow life to flow. This theme seems to be repeated in a rather abstract creation hymn in the Rig Veda, "Darkness there was: at first concealed in darkness this All was indiscrimated chaos. All that existed then was void and formless: by the great power of Warmth was born that unit" (X.129).
Here we also find a possible root of the mesotopamian creation myth, creation from a chaotic deep watery abyss.
Is it also possible that the Celtic Vedic split was caused by a socio/religious disputes? In this case the role of women in society.Danu is a Good goddess in Celtic myths and female Druids and Warriors and Queens are common in Celtic society ,not so in Hinduism where Danu is the Mother of chaos and women tend to be subserviant in society.
CELTIC LUG AND VEDIC INDRA THE SUN GODS
Successful comparisons may also be drawn between Lug and Indra.Throughout the Rig Veda there are many hymns to Indra (more than any other God or Goddess) and many of these contain references that associate Indra with the Sun and light. Another parallel between Lug and Indra is that they were both not the original leaders of their respective groups.Indra has also been connected with the Celtic myth of Tain Bo Cuailgne. Here Indra's symbolic animal representation, the bull, is compared with the Celtic bull of Quelgny. Again what is found is a solar association in both Celtic and Vedic myth.
Places of Worship
Some of the most auspicious places of worship for the Celtic and Vedic peoples were rivers.Many European rivers bear the name of Danu--the Rhône (ro- Dhanu, "Great Danu") and several rivers called Don. Rivers were sacred in the Celtic world, and places where votive offerings were deposited and burials often conducted. The Thames, which flows through London, still bears its Celtic name, from Tamesis, the dark river, which is the same name as Tamesa, a tributary of the Ganges.In both Celtic and Vedic cultures offerings were often placed in rivers and those of the Celts were especially elaborate.
Another of the sacred dwellings was that of specific areas of woods and groves. According to Tacitus the "Woods and groves are the sacred depositories; and the spot being consecrated to those pious uses, they give to that sacred recess the name of the divinity that fills the place, which is never profaned by the steps of man. The gloom fills every mind with awe; revered at a distance and never seen but with the eye of contemplation." The Druids and their daily activities of bathing in rivers is a mirror image of the Vedic Brahmins, who bathe during the first hours of sun rise in rivers such as the Ganges Similarly there are many Indian tales of Brahmans and holy men who lived in forests of which some were especially sacred spaces A selection of Vedic texts written after the four main Samhitas (the Rig, Sama, Yajur and Artharva Vedas) are the Aranyakas, meaning 'forest treatise'. Indicating that these were composed in the reclusive depths of the forests.
Celtic & Vedic Fairies
Celtic stories are well known for their fairy folk, the little people who inhabit trees and hills. Sometimes they were the source of mischief or misfortune, other times the were advantageous and benevolent. The stories tell us that they delight in music and loved to dance. The Celtic fairies (also called Sidhes) often blended in myth with the Gods and like the Gods the fairies knew magick, fought wars and married amongst themselves.
Vedic nature spirits are yaksas, the favourite of the yaksas' locations is in a rural village's sacred tree. Here they would be safe from harms way and it was believed that having the yaksas there was prosperous for the village. Offerings and tiny gifts would be laid at the trunk of the tree, while flower garlands would be hung from the branches. There was also a fertility association with the yaksas in the sacred tree. As were there also associations of treasure buried at the tree roots, again like some of the Celtic fairies.
THE ANCIENT LANGUAGE
P-Celtic incorporates the following:
Gaulish
Lepontic
Noric
Galatian
Brythonic
North Brythonic
Pictish
West Brythonic
Cumbric
Old Welsh
Middle Welsh
Welsh
Southwestern Brythonic
Breton
Cornish
Q-Celtic incorporates the following:
Celtiberian
Goidelic
Primitive Irish
Old Irish
Middle Irish
Irish
Scottish Gaelic
Manx
Retrieved from "http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/P-Celtic_and_Q-Celtic"
The Celtic languages are part of the Indo-European language group that also includes modern German, Spanish, French(which are heavily influenced from Latin ,which in turn is heavilly influenced from Celtic/Gaelic or more correctly GAULIC) and so forth; indeed, in Western Europe only the Basques of the western Spanish/French border area speak an unrelated language.
And there is no evidence that any pre-Indo-European language people were conquered anywhere else in Europe. Furthermore, judging by their adaptations to climate, with large blondes in the north and shorter, darker people in the south, the same peoples appear to have lived in these various areas for a very long time.
Ancient Greek and Italian were also Indo-European languages,which would of both been influenced by the Celtic language, as were the Farsi language of ancient Persia (Iran) and Sanskrit in India which would of developed in parallel with Gaelic growing from the same roots. And here, too, conventional history tells us that the original inhabitants, speakers of the still extant Dravidian languages, were conquered by invading "Aryans" from the northwest. And here, too, there is no evidence of this. The oldest known civilization in the region (until undersea ruins were discovered off the coasts of India) was the 5,000 year old Indus-Sarasvati culture, with cities like Harappa and Mohenjo-daro. Since they did not seem to have horses and chariots like the later "Aryan" culture, it was assumed that they were conquered by people who did...but, once more, there is no evidence of war or conquest, and these new technologies both here and in western Europe need not have been spread by war. In fact, their art depicted swastikas and phalluses like the art of the much later Hindus, and one of their ancient seals depicts a man in a yoga position. They had river boats and perhaps sea going boats as well, and traded with the Sumerians of present-day Iraq. They also seem to have practiced goddess worship and had paintings of leaping bulls like the Minoan culture of Crete. Their culture appears to have undergone a slow, natural decline.
No chariots yet is not suprising as the chariot probably originated in Mesopotamia about 3000 BC. The earliest depiction of vehicles in the context of warfare is on the Standard of Ur in southern Mesopotamia, ca. 2500 BC
Professor Calvert Watkins of Harvard, one of the leading linguistic experts in his field, has pointed out that of all the Celtic linguistic remains, Old Irish represents an extraordinarily archaic and conservative tradition within the Indo-European family.
Its nominal and verbal systems are a far truer reflection of the hypothesized parent tongue, from which all Indo-European languages developed, than are Classical Greek or Latin. The structure of Old Irish, says Professor Watkins, can be compared only with that of Vedic Sanskrit or Hittite of the Old Kingdom.
The vocabulary is amazingly similar. The following are just a few examples:
Old Irish - arya (freeman),Sanskrit - aire (noble)
Old Irish - naib (good), Sanskrit - noeib (holy)
Old Irish - badhira (deaf), Sanskrit - bodhar (deaf)
Old Irish - names (respect), Sanskrit - nemed (respect)
Old Irish - righ (king), Sanskrit - raja (king)
This applies not only in the field of linguistics but in law and social custom, in mythology, in folk custom and in traditional musical form. The ancient Irish law system, the Laws of the Fénechus, is closely parallel to the Laws of Manu. Many surviving Irish myths, and some Welsh ones, show remarkable resemblances to the themes, stories and even names in the sagas of the Indian Vedas.
Comparisons are almost endless. Among the ancient Celts, Danu was regarded as the "Mother Goddess." The Irish Gods and Goddesses were the Tuatha De Danaan ("Children of Danu"). Danu was the "divine waters" falling from heaven and nurturing Bíle, the sacred oak from whose acorns their children sprang. Moreover, the waters of Danu went on to create the great Celtic sacred river--Danuvius, today called the Danube. Many European rivers bear the name of Danu--the Rhône (ro- Dhanu, "Great Danu") and several rivers called Don. Rivers were sacred in the Celtic world, and places where votive offerings were deposited and burials often conducted. The Thames, which flows through London, still bears its Celtic name, from Tamesis, the dark river, which is the same name as Tamesa, a tributary of the Ganges.
Not only is the story of Danu and the Danube a parallel to that of Ganga and the Ganges but a Hindu Danu appears in the Vedic story "The Churning of the Oceans," a story with parallels in Irish and Welsh mytholgy. Danu in Sanskrit also means "divine waters" and "moisture."
WHY DID DRUIDS PAINT THIER WARRIORS BLUE FOR PROTECTION AND USE RELIGIOUS PICTOGRAMS IN BATTLE.IS IT COINCIDENCE THAT THE HEAD DEITIES IN HINDUISM ARE ALSO BLUE WITH PICTOGRAMS?
Vishnu (IAST vi??u, Devanagari ??????), (honorific: Bhagavan Vishnu), is the Supreme God in Vaishnavite tradition of Hinduism. Smarta followers of Adi Shankara, among others, venerate Vishnu as one of the five primary forms of God,and his supreme status is declared in the Hindu sacred texts like Yajurveda, the Rigveda and the Bhagavad Gita
According to various Purana, Vishnu is the ultimate omnipresent reality, is shapeless and omnipresent. However, a strict iconography governs his representation, whether in pictures, icons, or idols:
He is to be depicted as a four-armed male-form: The four arms indicate his all-powerful and all-pervasive nature. The physical existence of Vishnu is represented by the two arms in the front while the two arms at the back represent his presence in the spiritual world. The Upanishad titled Gopal Uttartapani describes the four arms of Vishnu.
The color of his skin has to be new-cloud-like-blue: The blue color indicates his all-pervasive nature, blue being the color of the infinite space as well as the infinite ocean on which he resides.
THE CELTS HAVE SIMILAR BLUE FEMALE HEAD DEITYS
THE CELTS WEAR BLUE WOAD
He has the mark of sage Bhrigu's feet on his chest.
THE CELTS WEAR PICTOGRAMS
Around his neck, he wears the auspicious "Kaustubha" jewel, and a garland of flowers (vanamaalaa). It is in this jewel, on Vishnu's chest that Lakshmi dwells.
AND THE CELTIC TORQUE REPRESENTS THE DIVENE FEMALE Depictions of the gods and goddesses of Celtic mythology frequently show them wearing torcs The famous Roman copy of the original Greek sculpture The Dying Gaul depicts a wounded Gallic warrior naked except for a torc
Also on his chest is the srivatsa mark, symbolising his consort Lakshmi. It is on the chest of Vishnu, where Lakshmi resides.
AND MORE PICTOGRAMS
A crown should adorn his head: The crown symbolizes his supreme authority.
OLDEST CROWN IN EUROPE IS SCOTTISH
He is to shown wearing two earrings: The earrings represent inherent opposites in creation — knowledge and ignorance; happiness and unhappiness; pleasure and pain.
CELTS ARE REKNOWN FOR THIER JEWELRY
He rests on Ananta: the immortal and infinite snake
THE SNAKE AGAIN
Krishna (????? in Devanagari, k???a in IAST, pronounced ['kr????] in classical Sanskrit) is a deity worshiped across many traditions of Hinduism in a variety of different perspectives. While many Vaishnava groups recognize him as an avatar of Vishnu, other traditions within Krishnaism consider Krishna to be svayam bhagavan, or the supreme being
The Sanskrit word k???a has the literal meaning of “black”, “dark” or “dark-blue” and is used as a name to describe someone with dark skin. Krishna is often depicted in murtis (images) as black, and is generally shown in paintings with a blue skin
THE BLUE CELTIC PICTS AGAIN
For an indepth look at the Druidic Vedic link here is “Druidism was it Western Hinduism 18,000 years old?”
http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/druidism-was-it-western-hinduism-18000-years-old/
THE FIRST ARYAN CELTIC CULTURE c.12,000BC (btw its in the “Holy Land” so it was given to the Aryan Celts 10,000 years before the Hebrews!!)
The Fertile Crescent is a region in the Near East, incorporating the Levant and Mesopotamia, and often incorrectly extended to Egypt. Mesopotamia is considered the Cradle of civilization and saw the development of the earliest human civilizations and is the birthplace of writing and the wheel
The Levant The Natufian culture existed in the Mediterranean region of the Levant 12,000 to 9600 BCE. It was a Mesolithic culture, but unusual in that it was sedentary, or semi-sedentary, before the introduction of agriculture.Settlements occur in the woodland belt where oak and Pistacia species dominated. The underbrush of this open woodland was grass with high frequencies of grain. The high mountains of Lebanon and the Anti-Lebanon, the steppe areas of the Negev desert in Israel and Sinai, and the Syro-Arabian desert in the east put up only small Natufian living areas due to both their lower carrying capacity and the company of other groups of foragers who denuded this large region.The superstructure was probably made of brushwood. No traces of mudbrick have been found, which became common in the following Pre-Pottery Neolithic A, abbreviated PPN A. The round houses have a diameter between 3 and 6 meters, they contain a central round or subrectangular fireplace
The Natufian communities are possibly the ancestors of the builders of the first Neolithic settlements of the region.A semi-sedentary life may have been made possible by abundant resources due to a favourable climate at the time, with a culture living from hunting, fishing and gathering, including the use of wild cereals. Tools were available for making use of cereals: flint-bladed sickles for harvesting, and mortars, grinding stones, and storage pits.
Ain Mallaha was a Natufian settlement built and settled circa 10,000–8,000 BCE. The site is located in Northern Israel, and is in an area surrounded by hills and located by an ancient lake, Lake Huleh. The inhabitants are known to have eaten gazelle, fallow deer, wild boar, red and roe deer, hare, tortoise, reptiles, and fish. Also known as Eynan (Hebrew) or Mallaha (Arabic), this Natufian village was colonized in three phases. The first two phases were comprised of massive stone-built structures with smaller ones in the third phase. The phases occurred from 12,000 to 9600 BCE.Hundreds of Natufian graves have been excavated in Israel, Jordan, Syria, and Lebanon.In 2008, the grave of a Natufian ‘priestess’ was discovered (in most media reports referred to as a shaman or witch doctor ). The burial contained complete shells of 50 tortoises, which are thought to have been brought to the site and eaten during the funeral feast
http://news.nationalgeographic.com/news/2008/11/081104-israel-shaman-missions.html
c. 12,000 BC Round wooden houses, oak woodland and massive stone structures,hunter gatherers with flint blades and sickles and priestess shaman ,these are proto-Celtic people. Not only were there women Druids but from written accounts it is known that women also fought in battle. Diodorus described Celtic women as being “nearly as big and strong as their husbands and as fierce.” By c.11,000 BC the ice sheets would melt and reveal Central and then Northern Europe.The first hunter gatherers arrive in Scotland c.10,800 BC but probably settled in the North Sea basin before it flooded c.4,000BC.Its then we see,and still can see today in the British Isles, massive stone structures and roundhouses.Also sickles and Druidic Prietesses meeting in oak woodlands.
THE FIRST CELTIC ARYAN TEMPLE IS BUILT c11,000BC
An early temple area in southeastern Turkey at Göbekli Tepe dated to 10,000 BC may be regarded as the beginning of the Neolithic. This site was developed by nomadic hunter-gatherer tribes, evidenced by the lack permanent housing in the vicinity. This temple site is the oldest known man-made place of worship.Through the radiocarbon method, the end of stratum III could be determined at circa 9,000 BC ; its beginnings are estimated to 11,000 BC or earlier. Stratum II dates to about 8,000 BC.
Thus, the complexes originated before the so-called Neolithic Revolution, the beginning of agriculture and animal husbandry, which is assumed to begin after 9,000 BC.The oldest occupation layer (stratum III) contained monolithic pillars linked by coarsely built walls to form circular or oval structures. So far, four such buildings, with diameters between 10 and 30m have been uncovered. Geophysical studies suggest 16 further structures
But the construction of the Göbekli Tepe complex implies organisation of a degree of complexity not hitherto associated with pre-Neolithic societies. The archaeologists estimate that up to 500 persons were required to extract the 10-20 ton pillars (in fact, some weigh up to 50 tons) from local quarries and move them 100 to 500m to the site.The monoliths are decorated with carved relief of animals or of abstract pictograms. These signs cannot be classed as writing, but may represent commonly understood sacred symbols, as known from Neolithic cave paintings elsewhere.
After 8000 BC, the site was abandoned and purposely covered up with soil.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/G%C3%B6bekli_Tepe
c.11,000BC THE ICE AGE ENDS THE CELTS SPREAD FROM THE MEDITERANIAN
BIRTH OF THE CELTIC NATIONS OF SCOTLAND ,IRELAND AND WALES
It is believed that the first post-glacial groups of hunter-gatherers arrived in Scotland around 12,800 years ago, as the ice sheet retreated after the last glaciation The Orkney islands may have been attached to the mainland, as was the present-day island of Great Britain to Continental Europe. Much of the North Sea basin was also dry land until after 4000 BC. This would have made travel to northern Scotland relatively easy for early human settlers.Little is known of the people who settled in the Hebrides but they were likely of the same Celtic stock that had settled in the rest of Scotland.
Groups of settlers began building the first known permanent houses on Scottish soil around 9,500 years ago, and the first villages around 6,000 years ago (4000 BC).It is possible earlier settlements are now under the North Sea.Late Mesolithic hunter-gatherers are known to have occupied constructed lakeshore platforms in central and northwest Ireland at c.4500 BC. Neolithic crannogs are also known in Scotland. The islet of Eilean Domhnuill, Loch Olabhat on North Uist may be the earliest crannóg, dated to 3200-2800 BC in the Neolithic period.A variant of the crannóg was the island roundhouse. Built on a small, rocky island in a lochan and usually reached by means of a causeway, these are extremely common in the Western Isles
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Crannog
Scholars say that people arrived in Ireland after 8000 B.C. via land bridges from Scotland. These land bridges were submerged by 7000 B.C. The first inhabitants were Mesolithic (Middle Stone Age) hunters and gatherers. The land was very densely forested and the people lived along the coasts, rivers, and lakes. They may have come from southern Scotland, Wales, and southwestern Europe. They fished and domesticated oxen, goats, and sheep. They also made rough pottery. Around 4000 to 3500 B.C., They had stone axes to clear land for crops and livestock. Axes made in northern Ireland were exported to (England)Celtic Briton. The people were also weavers and potters. The two societies coexisted for a time and gradually merged together. The Neolithic farmers built megalithic (stone) tombs between 4000 and 2000 B.C. The famous passage grave at Newgrange dates to 3200 B.C. or earlier, making it older than the pyramids of Egypt. There are signs of 1200 megalithic tombs in Ireland today. Megalithic tombs are also found along the Atlantic coast from Spain to Scandanavia.
It should be noted that the oldest stone built Neolithic settlements in Scotland ,Wales and Ireland ALL appear at the times of global flooding.
Ireland is cut off from Celtic Briton c.7000BC.Historically,the Island of Anglesey(Wales) has long been associated with the Druids.Anglesey is rich in prehistoric remains. The first evidence of humans on the island comes from the Mesolithic period, about 7000 BC
The North Sea basin floods in c.4000BC .The Knap of Howar on the Orkney island of Papa Westray, is a well preserved Neolithic farmstead. Dating from 3500 BC to 3100 BC. I would suggest that older settlements would be found under the North Sea which would of been wooded glades before the flood.
Skara Brae (pronounced /ˈskɑrə ˈbreɪ/) is a large stone-built Neolithic settlement, located on the Bay of Skaill on the west coast of mainland Orkney, Scotland. It consists of ten clustered houses, and was occupied from roughly 3100-2500BC. It is Europe’s most complete Neolithic village The dwellings contain a number of stone-built pieces of furniture, including cupboards, dressers, seats, and storage boxes. A sophisticated drainage system was even incorporated into the village’s design, one that included a primitive form of toilet in each dwelling.The eighth house has no storage boxes or dresser, but has been divided into something resembling small cubicles. When this house was excavated, fragments of stone, bone and antler were found. It is possible that this building was used as a workshop to make simple tools such as bone needles or flint axes A comparable — if smaller — site exists at Rinyo on Rousay.
Knap of Howar on the Orkney island of Papa Westray, is a well preserved Neolithic farmstead. Dating from 3500 BC to 3100 BC, it is similar in design to Skara Brae, but from an earlier period, and it is thought to be the oldest preserved standing building in northern Europe.Unstan ware is the name used by archaeologists for a type of finely made and decorated Neolithic pottery from the 4th millennium BC. Typical are elegant, round based bowls with a band of grooved patterning below the rim.It is named after Unstan chambered cairn and fort on the Mainland of the Orkney Islands, a fine example of a stalled burial chamber in a circular mound, where the style of pottery was first found.It has been found at many sites including Knap of Howar, Balbridie and Eilean Domhnuill.Unstan ware may have evolved into the later grooved ware style
The use of bronze spread to Ireland around 2200 to 2100 B.C.,probably from Scotland either through commercial contacts or through the migration of a new people. The so-called Beaker People came at the beginning of the Irish Bronze Age.
Many archaeologists believe that the Beaker ‘people’ did not exist as a group,as there is no genetic evidence of this, and that the beakers and other new artefacts and practices found across Europe at the time that are attributed to the Beaker people are indicative of the development of particular manufacturing skills.This new knowledge may have come about by any combination of population movements and cultural contact. An example might be as part of a prestige cult related to the production and consumption of beer, or trading links such as those demonstrated by finds made along the seaways of Atlantic Europe. Palynological studies of pollen analysis conducted, associated with the spread of beakers certainly suggests increased growing of barley, which may be associated with beer brewing.These contacts provided a flow of novelties in several directions: flint, metal, livestock, wool and new drinking tradition.
They were farmers and herders from Europe who used copper and then bronze. They settled wherever copper could be found in Ireland, especially in Munster in the west. At about the same time, a new people came over from Britain. This group is called the Food Vessel people because they buried food vessels along with the bodies in their tombs.
The Food Vessel Culture is a name given by some archaeologists to a culture of northern Britain (Scotland) and Ireland during the Early Bronze Age c.2100-1700BC (Burgess 1995, 145) due to the material culture of the people. The term Food Vessel Culture is not generally used in modern archaeological reports as the term is seen as rather ‘Old-Fashioned’ due to changes in archaeological theory.This is just another new cultural fashion rather than a new people arriving.
During the Bronze Age, gold jewelry made in Ireland was traded for blue glazed copper beads (faience) from England(Celtic Briton) and amber from the Baltic. Stone circles, some placed around important tombs, date from 2100 B.C. to the mid-second millennium. Crannogs, timber houses or huts built on an artificial island in a lake or along the lake’s edge, were built in the Late Bronze Age. Crannogs were usually surrounded by a palisade wall. Some crannogs continued to be used until the fifth century A.D. The earliest hill forts also date to the Late Bronze Age. The Irish Bronze Age lasted from about 2200 B.C. to 600 B.C. In Scotland, the Bronze Age also lasted from about 2200 B.C. to 700 B.C. (2, 10)
The Celtiberians arrived in Ireland during the first millennium B.C., perhaps between 700 B.C., and 400 B.C. By the 6th century B.C., new pottery styles suggest an influx of Hallstatt Celts The first Celtiberians settled in the south and west, suggesting that they came from Spain and Portugal. These Celtiberians grew barley, beans, millet, and apples.They bring the Q-Celtic Gaelic language and culture we refer to as Celtic today.In Ireland it should be more correctly called Celtiberian culture, as Scotland is genetically more Celtic and Welsh a more Celtic language.
In 387 B.C.E. the Celts invaded Rome and held it for 7 months,(After being BETRAYED by the Romans whom they where allied to in a battle.) leaving only after being debilitated by an epidemic, although not so debilitated that they didn’t exact a huge payment from the Romans for the privelege of seeing them go! Almost a century later, the Celts invaded Greece and sacked Delphi, removing a large hoard of gold.(Claiming it as payment for the Greeks “prostituting” THIER CELTIC God “Apollo Pythian” who lives in Alba ,the Gaelic name for Scotland) Even Alexander the Great found it prudent to form an alliance with the people whom the Greeks called the “Keltoi” or “Galatai”. As with all conquering societies, even when they withdrew from a region part of their heritage and personality was inevitably left behind.
The earliest native writing script was the Ogham or Ogam script. It was developed around the first centuries A.D. Ogham writing consisted of short horizontal and diagonal lines on stones and was used for names and geneaologies. It ultimately derived from Latin or Greek letters. The recording of longer texts did not begin in Ireland until the fourth century A.D. Before then, tribal histories and stories were passed down through a rich oral tradition
Dalriadic Scotland
The P-Celtic-speaking Celtic blond/red haired Picts of Scotland seem to be associated through genetics with the Dal nAraide or Pictish Cruithne of Ireland.They are in fact the same people.
The Iron-Age Q-Celtic-speaking dark haired Celtiberians entered Ireland around 500 B.C. The period of 300 A.D. to 700 A.D. may have been a time of Q-Celtic Celtiberian population growth in Ireland. Niall Noigiallach (Niall of the Nine Hostages) raided in the Hebrides during the 420s or 430s. There were probably earlier raids along the coasts of Wales and elsewhere. Possibly to deter these raids, the Romans rebuilt forts in Wales during the 3rd century. The Celtiberian Irish never settled permanently in Wales. Instead they settled outside of Roman-controlled areas and turned their eyes to Scotland.(6, 7)
According to some traditions, the Q-Celtic-speaking Celtiberian Irish may have founded Dalriada in Scotland as early as the 3rd century. Other traditions suggest the founders arrived around 500 A.D.Most likely it is the Celtic Pictish Cruithne people taking on the Q-Celtic Celtiberian culture either through interbreding or conquest.(Later the Pictish King of Dalraiada Kenneth mac Alpin unites Pictland and Dalriada under Q-Celtic customs to form modern Scotland) The people of Dalriada ruled over the Inner Hebrides and Argyll. The name Argyll comes from Airir Goidel or “The Coast of the Gael”. Dunadd is believed to have been the capital of Dalriada. The first settlements were peaceful. By the 4th century A.D., the “Irish Scots” in Dalriada and the Picts in the rest of Scotland were allies against the Romans. The Picts and the people of Dalriada were allied until some time after the 450s. (6, 8)
The first of the well known kings of Dalriada was Gabran. He seems to have fought the Picts under Bridei mac Maelcon and also the Britons. Gabran died in 558. Columba left Ireland and stayed for awhile with Gabran’s successor, Conall. Some sources say that Conall gave Columba Iona while others state that the Picts gave Columba Iona. St. Columba founded the monastery of Iona between 563 and 573. Conall seems to have allied himself with the King of Meath to fight the people of the Western Isles(the Norse). He died in 574. One of Conall’s successors was his cousin, Aedan. Columba preferred that Eoganan, another cousin of Conall’s, become the ruler but he was corrected by an angel and Aedan became the king. Columba thus had some control over who became king and Columba helped to strenghten the kingship. Aedan fought the Pictish ruler of the Orkneys, who had submitted to Bridei, and joined with the Ulaid of northern Ireland and the Britons to fight the Northumbrians. He also fought against the English(saxons) at Degsastan in 603. The English(saxons) deafeated the British(Britons) in that battle. Later kings included Domnall Brecc, who died at Strathcarron at the hands of the Britons of southern Scotland in 643. By the mid-7th century, Dalriada was split into 7 powerful families with their own kings and assemblies. A high king ruled over all. Ferchar ‘the Tall’ united Dalriada around 680 to 696. For around a century after 741, the Picts controlled Dalriada. Then, in 843 or 844, the Dalriadic Pictish king Kenneth mac Alpin (whose father has a Pictish name), joined Pictland and Dalriada into one Gaelic-speaking kingdom
For a Factual look at the “Book of Conquests” check this post.
CELTIC EUROPE
Germany
The Greek traveller Pytheas mentions the Germans about 300 BC, but they do not enter history until the Teutons descend on Italy to be defeated by Marius at the end of the second century. The ancient Greeks before Pytheas assigned all lands now known as Germanic to the Celts. It is also possible that at this time the Germans were a subject people of the Celts and had no separate political existence,but there is not much evidence for this. The German language borrowed many words from Celtic.
France
Modern France is a composite of many earlier peoples. The Celts settled there and the largest tribe, called the “Galli” by the Romans, gave their name to the region and people, the Gauls. The Gauls were heavily involved in the invasions of Northern Italy. When the Roman Empire expanded many of the Gaullish tribes fled, but some stayed and became Romanised, losing the Celtic language. Later a Germanic tribe, the Franks, invaded the area and settled. The Franks gave their name to the region but adopted the language and customs of the people. Thus France is a Germanic/Celtic people, speaking a Romance language in a country with a Germanic name
Belgium
Belgium is similar in situation to France. The dominant tribe, the Belgae, gave their name to the region. They were later conquered by the Romans.
Turkey
The Galatians of the New Testament of the Bible were a Celtic tribe that migrated through the Balkans. They pillaged as they moved and attacked, but were defeated by, the Greeks and eventually moved into Turkey, founding Galatia. They were destroyed and assimilated by the Turks early in the first millenium AD
THE ANCIENT CELTIC INFLUENCES
INCLUDE ANCIENT CELTIC MUMMIES IN CHINA AND REMAINS c.3500BC
At their peak, the influence of the Celts stretched from Ireland in the west to the south of Spain and across to Italy’s Po Valley, and probably extended to parts of Poland and Ukraine and the central plain of Turkey in the east. These mummies seem to suggest, however, that the Celts penetrated well into central Asia, nearly making it as far as Tibet (and probably much further)
Solid as a warrior of the Caledonii tribe, the man’s hair is reddish brown flecked with grey, framing high cheekbones, a long nose, full lips and a ginger beard. When he lived three thousand years ago, he stood six feet tall, and was buried wearing a red twill tunic and tartan leggings. He looks like a Bronze Age European. In fact, he’s every inch a Celt. Even his DNA says so.
But this is no early Celt from central Scotland. This is the mummified corpse of Cherchen Man, unearthed from the scorched sands of the Taklamakan Desert in the far-flung region of Xinjiang in western China,
The burial sites of Cherchen Man and his fellow people were marked with stone structures that look like dolmens from Britain, ringed by round-faced, Celtic figures, or standing stones. Among their icons were figures reminiscent of the sheela-na-gigs, wild females who flaunted their bodies and can still be found in mediaeval churches in Britain. A female mummy wears a long, conical hat which has to be a witch or a wizard’s hat. Or a druid’s, perhaps? The wooden combs they used to fan their tresses are familiar to students of ancient Celtic art.
Even older than the Cherchen find is that of the 4,000-year-old Loulan Beauty, who has long flowing fair hair and is one of a number of mummies discovered near the town of Loulan. One of these mummies was an eight-year-old child wrapped in a piece of patterned wool cloth, closed with bone pegs.
The Loulan Beauty’s features are Nordic. She was 45 when she died, and was buried with a basket of food for the next life, including domesticated wheat, combs and a feather.
The new finds are also forcing a reexamination of old Chinese books that describe historical or legendary figures of great height, with deep-set blue or green eyes, long noses, full beards, and red or blond hair. Scholars have traditionally scoffed at these accounts, but it now seems that they may be accurate
The Tocharians were the Tocharian-speaking inhabitants of the Tarim Basin, making them the easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language in antiquity
The Tocharians, living along the Silk Road, had contacts with the Chinese, Persians, Indian and Turkic tribesThe Tocharians who remained in the Tarim Basin adopted Buddhism, which, like their alphabet, came from northern India(Aryan) .Commonalities between the Tocharian languages and various other Indo-European language families (as with Celtic) are suggested but are still “controversial”.
.In the 6th century AD fresco, Qizil, Tarim Basin. “Tocharian donors”, possibly the “Knights with Long Swords” of Chinese accounts, depicted with light hair and light eye color. Graphical analysis reveals that the third donor from left is performing a Buddhist Vitarka Mudra gesture. These frescoes are associated with annotations in Tocharian and Sanskrit made by their painters.
The Tarim mummies suggest that precursors of these easternmost speakers of an Indo-European language may have lived in the region of the Tarim Basin from around 1800 BC until finally they were assimilated by Uyghur Turks in the 9th century AD
Afanasevo (or Afanasievo) culture, 3500—2500 BC, an archaeological culture of the late copper and early Bronze Age
It became known from excavations in the Minusinsk area of the Krasnoyarsk Krai, southern Siberia, but the culture was also widespread in western Mongolia, northern Xinjiang, and eastern and central Kazakhstan, with connections or extensions in Tajikistan and the Aral area.
The economy seems to have been semi-nomadic pastoralism, with cattle, ovicaprids and horse remains being documented, along with those of wild game
This early extreme outlier of presumably Indo-European culture makes it an automatic candidate for being the earliest attested representative for speakers of the Tocharian stock.
THE MOTHER TONGUE OF THE EUROPEAN LANGUAGES INCLUDING LATIN AND GREEK
Professor Calvert Watkins of Harvard, one of the leading linguistic experts in his field, has pointed out that of all the Celtic linguistic remains, Old Irish represents an extraordinarily archaic and conservative tradition within the Indo-European family.
Its nominal and verbal systems are a far truer reflection of the hypothesized parent tongue, from which all Indo-European languages developed, than are Classical Greek or Latin. The structure of Old Irish, says Professor Watkins, can be compared only with that of Vedic Sanskrit or Hittite of the Old Kingdom.
THE EGYPTIAN CIVILISATION AND “THE NEW KINGDOM”
Blonde and Red Haired Mummies of Egypt
Pharaoh Ramses II (of the 19th Dynasty), is generally considered to be the most powerful and influential King that ever reigned in Egypt. He is one of the few rulers who has earned the epithet “the Great”. Subsequently, his racial origins are of extreme interest.
In 1975, the Egyptian government allowed the French to take Ramesses’ mummy to Paris for conservation work. Numerous other tests were performed, to determine Ramses’ precise racial affinities, largely because the Senegalese scholar Cheikh Anta Diop, was claiming at the time that Ramesses was black. Once the work had been completed, the mummy was returned in a hermetically sealed casket, and it has remained largely hidden from public view ever since, concealed in the bowels of the Cairo Museum. The results of the study were published in a lavishly illustrated work, which was edited by L. Balout, C. Roubet and C. Desroches-Noblecourt, and was titled La Momie de Ramsès II: Contribution Scientifique à l’Égyptologie (1985).
Professor P. F. Ceccaldi, with a research team behind him, studied some hairs which were removed from the mummy’s scalp. Ramesses II was 90 years-old when he died, and his hair had turned white. Ceccaldi determined that the reddish-yellow colour of the mummy’s hair had been brought about by its being dyed with a dilute henna solution; it proved to be an example of the cosmetic attentions of the embalmers. However, traces of the hair’s original colour (in youth), remain in the roots, even into advanced old age. Microscopic examinations proved that the hair roots contained traces of natural red pigments, and that therefore, during his youth, Ramses II had been red-haired. It was concluded that these red pigments did not result from the hair somehow fading, or otherwise altering post-mortem, but did indeed represent Ramses’ natural hair colour. Ceccaldi also studied a cross-section of the hairs, and he determined from their oval shape, that Ramesses had been “cymotrich” (wavy-haired). Finally, he stated that such a combination of features showed that Ramesses had been a “leucoderm” (white-skinned person). [Balout, et al. (1985) 254-257.]
Balout and Roubet were under no illusions as to the significance of this discovery, and they concluded as follows:
“After having achieved this immense work, an important scientific conclusion remains to be drawn: the anthropological study and the microscopic analysis of hair, carried out by four laboratories: Judiciary Medecine (Professor Ceccaldi), Société L’Oréal, Atomic Energy Commission, and Institut Textile de France showed that Ramses II was a ’leucoderm’, that is a fair-skinned man, near to the Prehistoric and Antiquity Mediterraneans, or briefly, of the Berber of Africa.” Balout, et al. (1985) 383.
Seti I grave
It is interesting to note the link to the North African Berbers: some Berber tribes, such as the Riffians of the Atlas Mountains, have incidences of blondism reaching almost 60%, and they have a percentage of red-haired people which is comparable to that of the Irish. [Coon & Hunt (1966) 116-117.]
These facts have not only anthropological interest however, but also great symbolic importance. In ancient Egypt, the god Seth was said to have been red-haired, and redheads were claimed to have worshipped the god devoutly. [Wainwright (1938) 31, 33, 53.] In the Ramses study cited above, the Egyptologist Desroches-Noblecourt wrote an essay, in which she discussed the importance of Ramesses’ rufous condition. She noted that the Ramessides (the family of Ramses II), were devoted to Seth, with several bearing the name Seti, which means “beloved of Seth”. She concluded that the Ramessides believed themselves to be divine descendants of Seth, with their red hair as proof of their lineage; they may even have used this peculiar physical feature to propel themselves out of obscurity, and onto the throne of the Pharaohs. Desroches-Noblecourt also speculated that Ramesses II may well have been descended from a long line of redheads. [Balout, et al. (1985) 388-391.]
Her speculations have been proved correct: Dr. Joann Fletcher, a consultant to the British Bioanthropology Foundation, has proved that Seti I (the father of Ramesses II), had red hair. [Parks (2000).] It has also been demonstrated that the mummy of Pharaoh Siptah (a great-grandson of Ramesses II), has red hair. [Partridge (1994) 169.]
I believe that Set is a version of the Aryan Horned God. This is why we cannot figure out which desert animal he represents, he was originally a woodland horned god.It was these Set worshippers that joined with the southern Ra Horus worshippers to create Egypt.
It has also been suggested that the myth may reflect historical events. According to the Shabaka Stone, Geb divided Egypt into two halves, giving Upper Egypt (the desert south) to Set and Lower Egypt (the region of the delta in the north) to Horus, in order to end their feud. However, according to the stone, in a later judgment Geb gave all Egypt to Horus. Interpreting this myth as a historical record would lead one to believe that Lower Egypt (Horus’ land) conquered Upper Egypt (Set’s land); but, in fact Upper Egypt conquered Lower Egypt. So the myth cannot be simply interpreted. Several theories exist to explain the discrepancy. For instance, since both Horus and Set were worshiped in Upper Egypt prior to unification, perhaps the myth reflects a struggle within Upper Egypt prior to unification, in which a Horus-worshiping group subjected a Set-worshiping group. What is known is that during the Second Dynasty, there was a period in which the King Peribsen’s name or Serekh — which had been surmounted by a Horus falcon in the First Dynasty — was for a time surmounted by a Set animal, suggesting some kind of religious struggle. It was ended at the end of the Dynasty by Khasekhemwy, who surmounted his Serekh with both a falcon of Horus and a Set animal, indicating some kind of compromise had been reached.
Regardless, once the two lands were united, Seth and Horus were often shown together crowning the new pharaohs, as a symbol of their power over both Lower and Upper Egypt. Queens of the 1st Dynasty bore the title “She Who Sees Horus and Set.
Set also became associated with foreign gods during the New Kingdom, particularly in the Delta. Set was also identified by the Egyptians with the Hittite deity Teshub, who was a storm god like Set.The Hittites where proto-Celtic Aryans.
Set was one of the earliest deities, with a strong following in Upper Egypt. Originally highly regarded throughout Kemet as the god of the desert, a political faction inspired an initial disparaging of Set’s name and reputation. Kemet was originally split into two kingdoms: Upper ruled by Horus (and later Ra), Lower by Set. Set’s followers resisted a unification of the Upper and Lower kingdoms of Egypt by the followers of Horus/Ra (with the followers of Osiris and Isis). This political split was echoed in the Osiris & Isis myth, and subsequent battle with Horus. The followers of Horus thus denigrated Set as chaotic and evil.Set was further demonized immediately after the Hyksos Period, the evidence from the Nineteenth Dynasty proves that this is a more complex picture.
By the 22nd Dynasty, Set was equated with his old enemy, Apep, and his images on temples were replaced with those of Sobek or Thoth.
GREEK CIVILISATION
Zeus , Appollo the Titans and many “Greek” myths can all be found in Celtic mythology which pre-dates Greek civilisation by 1,000′s of years!
Dodona (from Doric Greek ??d??a, Ionic Greek: ??d???,Dòdònè) in Epirus in northwestern Greece, was a prehistoric oracle devoted to the Mother Goddess identified at other sites with Rhea or Gaia, but here called Dione and later, in historical times also to the Greek god Zeus.The shrine of Dodona was the oldest Hellenic oracle, according to the fifth-century historian Herodotus and in fact dates to pre-Hellenic times, perhaps as early as the second millennium BCE.(eariler in my opinion) Aristotle considered the region to have been the most ancient part of Greece and where the Hellenes originated.Priestesses and priests in the sacred grove interpreted the rustling of the oak (or beech) leaves to determine the correct actions to be taken.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dodona
For their part the Hyperboreans sent mysterious gifts, packed in straw, which came first to Dodona and then were passed from people to people until they came to Apollo’s temple on Delos (Pausanias). Abaris, Hyperborean priest of Apollo, was a legendary wandering healer and seer.(Druid?)
Abaris the Hyperborean (Greek: ?ßa??? ?pe?ß??e???, Abaris Hyperboreios),was a legendary sage, healer, and priest of Apollo known to the Ancient Greeks. He was supposed to have learned his skills in his homeland of Hyperborea,
As the patron of Delphi (Pythian Apollo), Apollo was an oracular god — the prophetic deity of the Delphic Oracle. Medicine and healing were associated with Apollo, when it was a major site for the worship of the god Apollo after he slew the Python, a deity who lived there and protected the navel of the Earth.
Both Homer (Odyss. XII. 1) and Hesiod ,(Theogonia, v.242. 959) in their theogonic legends exclusively refer to the lower Danube as the Okeanos Potamos(Great Ocean River God).At the end of the Okeanos Potamos, is the holy island of Alba (Leuke, Pytho Nisi, Isle of Snakes). sacred to the Pelasgian ,a pre-Greek civilisation, Apollo, and later, the Greeks would also worship him, greeting the sun rising in the east….,Alba is the Gaelic name of Scotland
“Pelasgian” has come to mean more broadly all the autochthonous inhabitants of the Aegean lands and their culture before the advent of the Greek language the Pelasgians used to speak a Barbarian language.There are, indeed, various names affirmed to designate the ante-Hellenic inhabitants of many parts of Greece — many seem similar to known Celtic names.
In the Highlands of Scotland, the adder or serpent is supposed to represent the CAILLEACH’S power,. See: SAMHAIN, and OIMELC
In partnership with the goddess Brìghde, the Cailleach is seen as a seasonal deity or spirit, ruling the winter months between Samhuinn (November 1) and Bealltainn (May 1), while Brìghde rules the summer months between Bealltainn and Samhuinn
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cailleach
Hecateus Abderitas refers to Apollo’s island from the region of the Hyperboreans, in the Okeanos.(Great Ocean)
Alone among the Twelve Olympians, Apollo was venerated among the Hyperboreans, the Hellenes thought: he spent his winter amongst them(CAILLEACH with the power of the snake?).In Greek mythology, according to tradition, the Hyperboreans were a mythical people who lived far to the north of Thrace. The Greeks thought that Boreas, the North Wind,lived in Thrace, and that therefore Hyperborea was an unspecified region in the northern lands that lay beyond Scythia. Their land, called Hyperborea or Hyperboria — “beyond the Boreas” Hesiod mentioned the Hyperboreans, Herodotus reported, though the text is now lost, and Homer also in the Epigoni.
Also, the sun was supposed to rise and set only once a year in Hyperborea, which would place it at or near the North Pole. i.e. North of Scotland “Alba in Gaelic” ,or Orkney? (Could the flooding of the North Sea basin c.7000-4000 BC be a flood myth or Atlantis sinking?)
Early in the fifth century AD Claudian, in his poem, On the Fourth Consulship of the Emperor Honorius, Book VIII, rhapsodizes on the conquests of the emperor Theodosius I, declaring that the “Orcades [Orkney Islands] ran red with Saxon slaughter; Thule was warm with the blood of Picts; ice-bound Hibernia [Ireland] wept for the heaps of slain Scots.” This implies that Thule was Scotland .Later in Against Rufinias, the Second Poem, Claudian writes of “Thule lying icebound beneath the pole-star.”
Thule (pronounced /’?u?li/, us: thoo’·le; Greek T????, Thoule; also spelled in various sources Thile, Tile, Tilla, Toolee, Tylen, Thula, Thyle, Thylee, Thila, and Tila) is, in classical literature, a place, usually an island. Ancient European descriptions and maps locate it either in the far north, often Iceland, possibly the Orkney Islands or Shetland Islands or Scandinavia, or in the Late Middle Ages and Renaissance Iceland or Greenland.
HERE WE FIND THE SNAKE GOD AND HEALER AGAIN, PYTHIA APOLLO AND HE APPEARS TO BE A CELT!!
THE EUROPE WE KNOW TODAY
The Danube,East Europe, is the longest river in the European Union .Its name is Celtic.( Celtic *danu, meaning “to flow, run”,)
The Rhine River , whose name comes from the Celtic word renos, meaning raging flow, begins at the Rheinwaldhorn Glacier in the Swiss Alps and flows north and east approximately 820 miles (1,320 km).
The Rhine and the Danube formed most of the northern inland frontier of the Roman Empire and, since those days, the Rhine has been a vital, navigable waterway, and carried trade and goods deep inland. However, in the beginning of the Pre-Roman Iron Age (ca 600 BC), the Proto-Germanic tribes crossed the Weser River and the Aller, expanding the whole distance to the banks of the Rhine. This expansion is shown archaeologically in the form of the Jastorf culture. From ca 500 BC onwards, the lower Rhine, not the Weser or the Aller, would increasingly mark the border between the Celtic and Germanic tribes.
THE JEWISH CULTURE!!??
Who led the Hebrews out of Egypt?
In ancient Egypt, the god Seth was said to have been red-haired, and redheads were claimed to have worshipped the god devoutly. [Wainwright (1938) 31, 33, 53.]
She noted that the Ramessides (the family of Ramses II), were devoted to Seth, with several bearing the name Seti, which means “beloved of Seth”. She concluded that the Ramessides believed themselves to be divine descendants of Seth, with their red hair as proof of their lineage; they may even have used this peculiar physical feature to propel themselves out of obscurity, and onto the throne of the Pharaohs. Desroches-Noblecourt also speculated that Ramesses II may well have been descended from a long line of redheads. [Balout, et al. (1985) 388-391.]
Her speculations have been proved correct: Dr. Joann Fletcher, a consultant to the British Bioanthropology Foundation, has proved that Seti I (the father of Ramesses II), had red hair. [Parks (2000).] It has also been demonstrated that the mummy of Pharaoh Siptah (a great-grandson of Ramesses II), has red hair. [Partridge (1994) 169.]
By Ofri Ilani, Haaretz Correspondent: How white were the Israelites? Facial reconstruction may be surprising
It is said in the tanach that King David had a ruddy complexion and was a redhead.
http://www.haaretz.com/hasen/objects/pages/ResponseDetails.jhtml?resNo=4114025&itemno=1037262&cont=2
It seems the ruling elite of the Hebrews,Princes of Egypt, (Egyptian Hyksos/Habiru) where Set worshipping Aryans!! King David was certainly NO SEMITE ,if he had Red Hair!!!
It seems at the time of the Exodus, Aryans (Berber Celtic Aryans to be geneticaly correct)where ruling Egypt.It seems that after so long in “captivity” the ruling elite of the Hyksos had become Berber Aryan.
The caste system is believed to have been established by the Aryans. The Aryans who occupied parts of India established the caste system, which allowed only them to be the priests (Brahman), aristocracy (Kshatria) and the businessmen (Vaisia) of the society.
Is this where they get the idea of “Chosen People”? The root meaning of the word Aryan was “shining one” or “chosen one”. Something that us Celts can look back and laugh at today…..but there are still people walking around today that still believe that they are ,god’s chosen!!! Be they “Jewish” or Cross burners in white cloaks,
these people are primitive delusional barbarians and should be ridiculed at every oppertunity.
FYI
A burning cross was the Old Celtic distress signal ,or rallying call.
KKK=Klueless Kunt Klan
Zionism = Nazism without a foreskin
[...] The span of RECORDED history altogether is roughly 5,000 – 5,500 years, with Sumerian cuneiform being the oldest form of writing discovered so far. This is the beginning of RECORDED history according to the definition used by most historians.It is of course NOT the beginning of history itself, which is written in and on stone and goes back 10’s of thousands of years. For example see History of the Celtic People.They where in the Holy Land and built temples 10,000 years before the hebrew cultur existed,SO THE unHOLY LAND BELONGS TO THE ARYAN CELTS!!!(But I would not be so RUDE as to claim MY ancient tribal gods are more important or better than yours , and certainly NOT more important then the people currently living there today!!!) http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
Hello could I use some of the insight here in this post if I link back to you?
Hi Jame ,thank you for your interest and requset ,please do. You might find these posts interesting as well.
http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-book-of-invasions-or-the-book-of-conquests-leabhar-gabhala-eireann-or-leabhar-gabhala-na-heireann-a-factual-look/
and
http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/06/barbadoed-scotlands-sugar-slaves-redlegs-and-other-white-slaves/
and
http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/11/30/druidism-was-it-western-hinduism-18000-years-old/
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]
[...] http://cuthulan.wordpress.com/2009/09/03/the-history-of-the-celtic-people/ [...]